Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: From High Protection to Lethal Effect: Diverse Outcomes of Immunization Against Invasive Candidiasis with Different Candida albicans Extracellular Vesicles

doi: 10.3390/ijms26010244

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Hierarchical heatmap depicting the relative abundance of each protein across the three different types of EVs, with darker shades of red indicating higher relative abundance (measured by NSAF) (protein names shown represent 1 out of every 22 proteins for clarity). ( b ) Zoomed-in view on the region of the heatmap with a higher abundance in cell surface proteins in SC5314 YEVs. Proteins described as immunogenic in the Candida Genome Database (CGD) are marked with an asterisk.

Article Snippet: The NSAF values, which are calculated considering the number of matched peptide spectra (PSMs) and the molecular weight, were used to conduct a clustering heatmap analysis with Rstudio ( a).

Techniques:

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Natural variation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene Chalk9 regulates grain chalkiness in rice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61683-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The genome-wide association signals for chalky grain rate (CGR) and degree of chalkiness (DC) in the region at 18–21 Mb on chromosome 9 ( x -axis) across two years. Negative log 10 -transformed P values from the linear mixed model are plotted on the y -axis. The horizontal dashed line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold ( P = 1×10 –6 ). P values were determined using a two-sided Wald test and assessed after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. b Linkage disequilibrium (LD) heatmap of the Chalk9 locus region. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was determined by calculating r 2 (the square of the correlation coefficient between SNPs). c Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the endosperm of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties at 20 days after flowering (DAF). The 12 predicted genes in the Chalk9 locus region are labeled by I to XII. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). P values were calculated for comparisons between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. d Relative expression level of the candidate gene III ( Chalk9 ) in the endosperm from the selected varieties at 20 DAF. The P value was calculated for the comparison between high-chalky and low-chalky groups, with each group comprising 8 varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 3 biological replicates). e Relative expression level of the 12 candidate genes in the leaves of eight high-chalky and eight low-chalky varieties. Data show means ± SD ( n = 8 varieties). In c – e , statistical analysis between high-chalky and low-chalky groups was performed by two-tailed Student’s t -test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Correlation analysis, heatmap plotting, and volcano plot analysis were performed using BMKCloud ( www.biocloud.net ).

Techniques: GWAS, Transformation Assay, Genome Wide, Expressing, Labeling, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance

doi: 10.3390/ijms23126533

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmaps depicting similarities of PheC profiles among light treatments ( A ) as well as similarities in response of individual PheCs to the same light conditions ( B ). The relative contents of each PheC per treatment were averaged ( n = 5–6) and subsequently normalized to the maximum value among all light treatments. Cluster analysis was performed on normalized PheC quantitative data (distance function: Euclidean distance; linkage function: Average linkage). Specifications of light treatments: W (white), B (blue), R (red), G (green), L (low irradiance 100 µmol m −2 s −1 ), M (medium irradiance 200 µmol m −2 s −1 ), and H (high irradiance 400 µmol m −2 s −1 ). Compounds of interest: FQA (feruloylquinic acid), LUT (lutonarin), SAP (saponarin), ISD (isoscoparin derivative), HSG (homoorientin-7-O-[6-sinp]-glc), HFG (homoorientin-7-O-[6-fer]-glc), ISG (isovitexin-7-O-[6-sinp]-glc), and IFG (isovitexin-7-O-[6-fer]-glc).

Article Snippet: Further cluster analysis and heatmaps illustrating the differences in the relative content of PheCs across treatments differing in spectral compositions and irradiance were created (RStudio, ).

Techniques: